问题描述
conda无法安装python=3.7的虚拟环境:
conda create -n py37 python=3.7
出现错误
(base) ➜ AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda create -n alas python==3.7.6 -y Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done Solving environment: failed with repodata from current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source. Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done Solving environment: failed PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels: - python==3.7.6 Current channels: - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-arm64 - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/noarch - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/osx-arm64 - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/osx-arm64 - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch To search for alternate channels that may provide the conda package you're looking for, navigate to https://anaconda.org and use the search bar at the top of the page.
查看channel中可安装python的版本
(base) ➜ AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda search --full --name python Loading channels: done # Name Version Build Channel python 3.8.11 hbdb9e5c_5 pkgs/main python 3.8.13 hbdb9e5c_0 pkgs/main python 3.8.13 hbdb9e5c_1 pkgs/main python 3.8.15 h266c4f5_0 pkgs/main python 3.8.15 hc0d8a6c_2 pkgs/main python 3.9.6 hc70090a_5 pkgs/main python 3.9.7 hc70090a_1 pkgs/main python 3.9.11 hbdb9e5c_1 pkgs/main python 3.9.11 hbdb9e5c_2 pkgs/main python 3.9.12 hbdb9e5c_0 pkgs/main python 3.9.12 hbdb9e5c_1 pkgs/main python 3.9.13 hbdb9e5c_1 pkgs/main python 3.9.13 hbdb9e5c_2 pkgs/main python 3.9.15 hbdb9e5c_0 pkgs/main python 3.9.15 hc0d8a6c_2 pkgs/main python 3.10.0 hbdb9e5c_1 pkgs/main python 3.10.0 hbdb9e5c_2 pkgs/main python 3.10.0 hbdb9e5c_3 pkgs/main python 3.10.0 hbdb9e5c_5 pkgs/main python 3.10.3 hbdb9e5c_5 pkgs/main python 3.10.4 hbdb9e5c_0 pkgs/main python 3.10.6 hbdb9e5c_0 pkgs/main python 3.10.6 hbdb9e5c_1 pkgs/main python 3.10.8 hbdb9e5c_0 pkgs/main python 3.10.8 hc0d8a6c_1 pkgs/main
发现channel中最低版本为3.8.11
问题原因
根据Stackoverflow上面的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70205633/cannot-install-python-3-7-on-osx-arm64
以及CSDN问答:https://ask.csdn.net/questions/7631935
原因应该是(机翻):
当Apple Silicon投放市场时,Python 3.8已经发布了大约一年的时间,因此用于osx-arm64的Python 3.7构建从来不是Conda Forge常规构建矩阵的一部分。
在Apple Silicon系统上使用3.7的直接替代方法是使用Rosetta模拟x86_64,或者使用容器系统,例如Docker。
长期来看,您可以尝试请求python-feedstock包含osx-arm64的3.7版本。然而,从技术上讲,3.7.12(2021年9月)是最终的特性版本,现在已经进入了仅维护阶段(参见PEP 537)。此外,其他构建特定于python版本的变体的包不会为osx-arm64构建,因此即使有python=3.7,这些包也不会在那里(至少不会通过Conda)。基本上,我不认为有人会接受这个。
解决办法
用罗赛塔转换成X86架构来运行这个。
## 创建一个空的环境 conda create -n py37 ## 启动该环境 conda activate py37 ## 使用x86_64 architecture channel(s) conda config --env --set subdir osx-64 ## 安装python3.7之类的操作 install python, numpy, etc. (add more packages here...) conda install python=3.7
实例
(base) ➜ AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda create -n alas Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done Solving environment: done ==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <== current version: 22.9.0 latest version: 22.11.0 Please update conda by running $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda ## Package Plan ## environment location: /Users/yuki/opt/anaconda3/envs/alas Proceed ([y]/n)? y Preparing transaction: done Verifying transaction: done Executing transaction: done # # To activate this environment, use # # $ conda activate alas # # To deactivate an active environment, use # # $ conda deactivate Retrieving notices: ...working... done (base) ➜ AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda activas alas CommandNotFoundError: No command 'conda activas'. Did you mean 'conda activate'? (base) ➜ AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda activate alas (alas) ➜ AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda config --env --set subdir osx-64 (alas) ➜ AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda install python=3.7.6 Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve. Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done Solving environment: done ==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <== current version: 22.9.0 latest version: 22.11.0 Please update conda by running $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda ## Package Plan ## environment location: /Users/yuki/opt/anaconda3/envs/alas added / updated specs: - python=3.7.6 The following packages will be downloaded: package | build ---------------------------|----------------- ca-certificates-2022.10.11 | hecd8cb5_0 125 KB defaults certifi-2022.9.24 | py37hecd8cb5_0 155 KB defaults libcxx-14.0.6 | h9765a3e_0 968 KB defaults libedit-3.1.20210910 | hca72f7f_0 139 KB defaults libffi-3.2.1 | 1 37 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free ncurses-6.3 | hca72f7f_3 857 KB defaults openssl-1.1.1s | hca72f7f_0 2.8 MB defaults pip-22.2.2 | py37hecd8cb5_0 2.3 MB defaults python-3.7.6 | h359304d_2 19.8 MB defaults readline-7.0 | h1de35cc_5 316 KB defaults setuptools-65.5.0 | py37hecd8cb5_0 1.1 MB defaults sqlite-3.33.0 | hffcf06c_0 1.3 MB defaults tk-8.6.11 | h7bc2e8c_0 3.0 MB defaults xz-5.2.8 | h6c40b1e_0 262 KB defaults zlib-1.2.11 | 0 98 KB https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free ------------------------------------------------------------ Total: 33.2 MB The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED: ca-certificates pkgs/main/osx-64::ca-certificates-2022.10.11-hecd8cb5_0 None certifi pkgs/main/osx-64::certifi-2022.9.24-py37hecd8cb5_0 None libcxx pkgs/main/osx-64::libcxx-14.0.6-h9765a3e_0 None libedit pkgs/main/osx-64::libedit-3.1.20210910-hca72f7f_0 None libffi anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-64::libffi-3.2.1-1 None ncurses pkgs/main/osx-64::ncurses-6.3-hca72f7f_3 None openssl pkgs/main/osx-64::openssl-1.1.1s-hca72f7f_0 None pip pkgs/main/osx-64::pip-22.2.2-py37hecd8cb5_0 None python pkgs/main/osx-64::python-3.7.6-h359304d_2 None readline pkgs/main/osx-64::readline-7.0-h1de35cc_5 None setuptools pkgs/main/osx-64::setuptools-65.5.0-py37hecd8cb5_0 None sqlite pkgs/main/osx-64::sqlite-3.33.0-hffcf06c_0 None tk pkgs/main/osx-64::tk-8.6.11-h7bc2e8c_0 None wheel pkgs/main/noarch::wheel-0.37.1-pyhd3eb1b0_0 None xz pkgs/main/osx-64::xz-5.2.8-h6c40b1e_0 None zlib anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-64::zlib-1.2.11-0 None Proceed ([y]/n)? y Downloading and Extracting Packages libedit-3.1.20210910 | 139 KB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% xz-5.2.8 | 262 KB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% readline-7.0 | 316 KB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% certifi-2022.9.24 | 155 KB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% python-3.7.6 | 19.8 MB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% ca-certificates-2022 | 125 KB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% tk-8.6.11 | 3.0 MB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% libffi-3.2.1 | 37 KB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% sqlite-3.33.0 | 1.3 MB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% zlib-1.2.11 | 98 KB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% pip-22.2.2 | 2.3 MB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% libcxx-14.0.6 | 968 KB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% ncurses-6.3 | 857 KB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% setuptools-65.5.0 | 1.1 MB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% openssl-1.1.1s | 2.8 MB | ############################################################################################################## | 100% Preparing transaction: done Verifying transaction: done Executing transaction: done Retrieving notices: ...working... done
Conda 命令及其用法:
- conda create:创建一个新的 Conda 环境。
例如,创建一个名为 myenv 的环境:conda create --name myenv
- conda activate:激活一个 Conda 环境。
例如,激活名为 myenv 的环境:conda activate myenv
- conda deactivate:停用当前的 Conda 环境。
例如,退出当前环境:conda deactivate
- conda update:更新安装的软件包。
例如,更新所有软件包:conda update --all
- conda install:安装一个或多个软件包。
例如,安装 numpy:conda install numpy
- conda remove:卸载一个或多个软件包。
例如,卸载 numpy:conda remove numpy
- conda search:搜索可用软件包。
例如,搜索包含 “tensorflow” 的软件包:conda search tensorflow
- conda list:列出已安装的软件包。
例如,列出当前环境中的所有软件包:conda list
这些是一些常用的 Conda 命令和用法,它们可以帮助您更好地管理项目和依赖项。
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